Eyes on the Sky

For the first time a clever new technique has allowed astronomers to study the atmosphere of an exoplanet in detail — even though it does not pass in front of its parent star. An international team has used ESO’s Very Large Telescope to directly catch the faint glow from the planet Tau Boötis b. They have studied the planet’s atmosphere and measured its orbit and mass precisely for the first time — in the process solving a 15-year old problem. Surprisingly, the team also finds that the planet’s atmosphere seems to be cooler higher up, the opposite of what was expected. The results will be published in the 28 June 2012 issue of the journal Nature.

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A new result from ESO’s HARPS planet finder shows that rocky planets not much bigger than Earth are very common in the habitable zones around faint red stars. The international team estimates that there are tens of billions of such planets in the Milky Way galaxy alone, and probably about one hundred in the Sun’s immediate neighbourhood. This is the first direct measurement of the frequency of super-Earths around red dwarfs, which account for 80% of the stars in the Milky Way.

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The Gemini Observatory pursues an unusual concept. It operates two similar 8.19 m telescopes. One is located on Mauna Kea in Hawaii (Gemini North), the other on Cerro  (Gemini South), together covering almost the complete sky on both hemispheres.

Image source: http://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jeffery/astro/telescope/gemini_north_sunset.jpg

and: http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/02/images/gssnow.jpg

The observatory is operated by an international partnership currently consisting Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

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